Reorientasi Konsep Maqasid Al Shariah dalam Menentukan Subjek Hukum dan Kepemilikan Intelektual atas Karya Algoritma Kecerdasan Buatan
Keywords:
Maqasid al-Shariah, Artificial Intelligence, Intellectual Property Rights, Legal Subjects, Maslahah Mursalah, Hifz al-MalAbstract
The concepts of legal subjects (mahkum ‘alayh) and property ownership (hifz al-mal) in conventional fiqh have thus far been understood in an anthropocentric manner, placing human will as an absolute requirement for originality, which in the era of artificial intelligence (AI) risks creating a legal vacuum for autonomous algorithmic works. However, in the context of philosophical reconstruction, maqasid al-shariah is a dynamic instrument that should be able to cover every manifestation of intellectual creativity, both biological and artificial, for the benefit of the people. This study aims to analyse the reorientation of the elements of hifz al-aql and hifz al-mal towards non-human entities, as well as to formulate the legal personality status of AI and the distribution of its intellectual property rights through the integration of the maqasid perspective and cyber law theory. The method used is normative legal research with an Islamic legal philosophy approach, supported by qualitative analysis of classical fiqh literature on syakhsiyyah, intellectual property rights regulations, and the discourse on autonomous algorithm technology. The results of the study show, first, that philosophically, the concept of protection of reason must be transformed into protection of ‘cognitive-digital processes’ that recognise AI as a limited artificial legal subject (syakhsiyyah i'tibariyyah). Second, this study offers a maslahah mursalah, based rights distribution mechanism that balances economic incentives for innovators with public access, in order to avoid digital monopolies. These findings broaden the horizons of Islamic law towards distributive justice that is responsive to technological disruption and ensures legal certainty for intellectual works in the era of the 4.0 industrial revolution.
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